At least five MOIS agents had been monitoring sites which they believed were housing Americans, the website Elaph reported on Sunday, quoting Kuwaiti security sources.
The report said that several of those arrested had confessed to spying for Tehran.
Kuwaiti national security forces began investigating the group last month, it added.
Irans Intelligence Ministry agents are believed to have a strong presence in Europe and the Middle East.
Iranian exiles charge that the MOIS has stepped up intelligence gathering operations against Iranian dissidents since hard-liner Mahmoud Ahmadinejad took office as President.
