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Unprecedented Inflation And Rising Prices In Iran’s Food Market

With the ongoing rise in currency exchange rates and industrial power and gas outages, general price levels in Iran are climbing, and media outlets report unprecedented inflation in the food market.

The website Nournews, affiliated with the Iranian regime’s Supreme National Security Council, reported on Thursday, January 2, that consumer goods prices are surging. Tomatoes experienced a 76% price hike, making them the most affected agricultural product, followed by potatoes and onions, with increases of 74.3% and 71.1%, respectively.

According to official statistics cited in published reports, sugar prices rose by 66%, Iranian rice by 56%, and cooking oil by 40% in December compared to the same month the previous year.

In protein products, chicken prices increased by 40%, and red meat by 39%.

Reports indicate that machine-made Taftoon bread and Lavash bread had the smallest price increases, at 23% and 31.5%, respectively.

The price hikes come as Iran’s regime Central Bank recently claimed that the 12-month inflation rate reached 36% in November 2024, the lowest in 50 months.

Analysts attribute the disparity between Central Bank figures and market realities to data manipulation, as the bank adjusts base years in its calculations to favor the regime.

Reports, however, indicate that rising prices for goods and services persist, with media attributing one of the main causes to currency exchange rate fluctuations.

Nournews stated, “Many goods and production inputs in the country are supplied through imports, and currency fluctuations directly impact prices.”

Nournews emphasized that, in addition to increasing production costs, rising exchange rates exacerbate inflationary expectations, causing market volatility and consumer anxiety.

The outlet also warned that if exchange rate increases continue, further price hikes and issues such as shortages and hoarding in the market are likely.

In this context, a letter published in the media revealed that household cooking oil prices increased by 15%, while industrial oil prices rose by 21%.

The latest report from Iran’s regime Center shows that in the final month of autumn 2024, 26 out of 53 selected food items in urban areas experienced price increases exceeding the annual urban point-to-point inflation rate of 31.7%.

 

At Least 22 Prisoners Executed in Iran in Recent Days

Human rights and news sources reported on Thursday, January 2, that the Iranian regime’s judiciary has executed at least 22 prisoners in various cities across the country in recent days.

According to HRANA, the Human Rights Activists News Agency, the Iranian judiciary executed three prisoners on charges related to drug offenses and murder on Tuesday, December 31, at Choobindar Prison in Qazvin.

HRANA further reported that on the first day of the new year, at least 15 prisoners were executed in various prisons in Iran, including in Malayer, Bandar Abbas, Yasuj, and Ghezel Hesar in Alborz Province.

The human rights organization identified two of the ten prisoners executed in Karaj as Mohammad Hossein Mohammadi-Far and an Afghan national named Pasha, stating that their executions were related to drug charges.

According to the report, the other eight prisoners were executed on murder charges.

Additionally, the judiciary executed at least five prisoners, including three Afghan nationals, at Bandar Abbas Central Prison early Wednesday, January 1.

Iran Human Rights Organization reported that the judiciary executed a 25-year-old prisoner named Pejman Masoudi Koushk on charges of “premeditated murder” early Wednesday at Yasuj Central Prison.

A source informed the human rights organization that Pejman Masoudi had been detained four years prior and was transferred to solitary confinement with another prisoner named Abolfazl Hassani on Monday, December 30, for the execution.

The Iran Human Rights Organization also reported that two prisoners, Esmail Mirzaei and Fattah Mahmoudi, were executed on drug-related charges at Rasht Central Prison (Lakan).

The organization further stated that a 52-year-old citizen, identified as Mohammad Shafi’ Mousavi, was executed on charges of “premeditated murder” at Malayer Prison.

The execution of this individual reportedly occurred on November 30, but it had not been disclosed by official or human rights sources until now.

Previously, political prisoners involved in the “No to Executions Tuesdays” campaign have repeatedly stated that the issuance and execution of death sentences by the Iranian regime are intended to “create fear and intimidation.”

Mai Sato, the UN Special Rapporteur on Human Rights in Iran, has previously criticized the human rights situation and the increasing number of executions in Iranian prisons, calling for a reduction in death sentences in Iran.

Executions related to drug offenses have continuously increased over the past four years in Iran. According to Iran Human Rights Monitor, the number of executions last year rose by 17% compared to the previous year, reaching “993 executions.”

Despite the judiciary’s frequent lack of formal acknowledgment, independent human rights organizations’ evidence shows that Iran has the highest number of executions globally.

 

The Biden Administration Ignored Report on Iran’s Oil Sanctions Evasion

According to a report published by the Washington Free Beacon on Thursday, January 2, U.S. officials received intelligence about Iran’s oil smuggling scheme but the Biden administration disregarded it.
The report states that in 2024, Biden administration officials reviewed intelligence indicating Iraq’s pivotal role in a billion-dollar oil smuggling operation by the Iranian regime.
Free Beacon, citing informed sources, claims Biden officials ignored much of the information and allowed Iran to bypass U.S. sanctions and earn illicit money, as described by a former U.S. official.
In April, U.S. officials from the State Department, Treasury, and intelligence community reviewed a 45-page report prepared by international organizations.

This report, also reviewed by the Washington Free Beacon, identified Iraq, the world’s fifth-largest oil producer, as the central hub for Iran’s oil and fuel smuggling operations in 2022 (during Biden’s presidency).
The intelligence report lists a network of companies in Iraq, Iran, and other Middle Eastern countries that divert portions of Iraq’s fuel exports to the black market for illicit profits. This money is then funneled to Iranian-backed militias in Iraq and the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps (IRGC), which oversees these militias.

In addition to smuggling operations, Iraq’s oil industry blends illicit fuel products from Iran with its legal outputs, enabling the Iranian oil to be legally sold in international markets, in direct violation of stringent U.S. sanctions.

According to the intelligence report, revenues from these sales are also funneled back to Iranian regime proxies and the IRGC. The information indicates that Iraq’s offshore oil sites have effectively become “laundromats” for Iran’s sanctioned crude oil.

Iranian Plane Inspected in Beirut Airport on Suspicion of Carrying Aid to Hezbollah

Israeli media outlet Ynet, citing “reports from Lebanon,” stated that Beirut Airport security forces inspected an Iranian Mahan Airplane on the night of Thursday, January 4, on suspicion that it was carrying financial aid for Hezbollah.

According to Ynet, Lebanese Interior Minister Bassam Mawlawi said, “This plane is currently being inspected.”

According to the report, Lebanese officials stated that any money found on the plane would be handed over to the Lebanese authorities.

Ynet reported that an Iranian regime diplomat was detained in the airport’s passenger hall after refusing to allow security officers to inspect his bag. No further details about this diplomat have been released so far.

The inspection of this plane took place after Al Hadath, a Saudi Arabian media outlet, reported on Thursday, citing Western sources, that the Iranian regime “intends to transfer millions of dollars to Hezbollah today via a Mahan Air flight from Tehran to Beirut.”

Hezbollah in Lebanon is an Iran-backed group that has received extensive financial and military support since its founding.

Meanwhile, the news of the Mahan Air plane inspection was widely covered in Iranian regime media, which described the action as “unusual,” “unconventional,” and a “strict inspection.”

In this context, Hezbollah’s deputy leader, Naim Qassem, announced on December 5 that the Iranian regime was providing financial assistance to the group to compensate “families affected by the war with Israel.”

According to Reuters, he stated that Hezbollah had distributed over $50 million in cash handouts to families affected by the war with Israel.

Reuters noted that Hezbollah is seeking to bolster support for itself following the devastating conflict with Israel.

According to the report, in a pre-recorded speech, Naim Qassem thanked the Iranian regime for its financial aid, stating that payments ranged between $300 and $400 per person, adding that more than 230,000 families had registered for financial assistance.

According to the leader of this Iran-backed group, the total cost of providing payments to these families will be at least $77 million.

There have been multiple reports in the past regarding the Iranian regime’s financial and military aid to its proxy groups, such as Hezbollah and Hamas.

In this regard, Hassan Nasrallah, the Hezbollah leader who was killed in an Israeli airstrike, stated in July 2016 that all of Hezbollah’s funding came from Iran.

The Iranian regime’s support for these groups has been repeatedly criticized by protesters in Iran over the years. One of the slogans chanted during protests has been: “No to Gaza, No to Lebanon, My Life for Iran.”

 

Khamenei Says Lebanon and Yemen Remain “Symbols of Resistance”

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Ali Khamenei, the leader of the Iranian regime, stated during a speech on the fifth anniversary of the death of Qassem Soleimani, the commander of the IRGC’s Quds Force, that Lebanon and Yemen remain “symbols of resistance.”

He said, “Lebanon is a symbol of resistance. It has been hit, but it has not knelt.” He also described Yemen as another symbol of resistance, stating, “It will prevail.”

The Houthis, who control northwestern Yemen, began attacking Israel and international ships after the Gaza conflict erupted in October 2023.

In his January 1 speech, Khamenei said, “The U.S. and its allies will ultimately leave this region in disgrace.”

He claimed that the U.S., Israel, and other foreign countries have “violated” Syrian territory and reiterated that “they cannot remain in this country and will be forced to retreat before the Syrian youth.”

He added, “National power in any country relies on certain elements that must be preserved. One of the major mistakes of some countries is removing the elements of stability and power. A group of devout youth willing to sacrifice their lives are the factors of stability and power.”

The Iranian regime’s leader further stated, “If the elements of power are removed, something like what happened in Syria will occur, leading to chaos.”

According to Khamenei, “The events of the past few years in which Qassem Soleimani and his colleagues were active, including the defense of the shrine (intervention in Syria under the pretext of protecting sacred sites), demonstrated that the revolution and the Islamic Republic are alive.”

Responding to critics of Iran’s regional presence, he said, “It is a grave mistake for some to think that the blood spilled in the defense of the shrine was in vain.”

According to the Iranian leader, “If these lives were not sacrificed and this struggle had not taken place, there would be no news of Zaynabiyah (a pilgrimage site in Damascus) and Karbala today.”

The Iranian regime has cited the defense of Shiite holy sites as one of the reasons for its presence in the Middle East.

According to Khamenei, Qassem Soleimani’s enduring strategy was the “revival of the resistance front,” which meant utilizing “the youth of the same country.”

Khamenei stated, “In matters related to him [Soleimani], he believed that any significant regional and global event also affected our country’s affairs, and with this perspective and calculation, he identified threats from beyond the borders and acted to prevent and address them.”

While Khamenei emphasizes “resistance,” senior Iranian officials continue to signal an interest in diplomatically resolving certain tensions. However, history has shown that the regime persistently pursues its destabilizing activities under the cover of negotiations with the West.

Hezbollah’s Secretary-General: “Patience” is our current strategy

Meanwhile, today, Naim Qassem, the Secretary-General of Hezbollah, said in a speech in Tehran, “The resistance continues and has regained its strength.”

In a video message, Qassem referred to the recent war with Israel, stating, “We must assess the events that occurred during this aggressive war, learn from its outcomes, and improve our actions based on its lessons and experiences.”

He also noted Israel’s attacks in southern Lebanon following the ceasefire, saying, “Hezbollah’s current strategy is ‘patience.'”

 

Iran’s Central Bank Claims Reduced Inflation Rate

Amid public protests over living conditions and the soaring exchange rate, Iran’s Central Bank reported that the annual inflation rate in December reached its lowest level in four years.

The Central Bank, which has long ceased regular publication of inflation data, released a chart indicating that consumer inflation is at its lowest since fall 2020.

The Central Bank likely issued this report to convey that inflation is under control and the burden of high prices on citizens has lessened. However, the reality is different.

Regardless of whether the inflation rate is 20% or 60%, if people’s incomes do not increase proportionately, their purchasing power declines. This has been the case in recent years for many groups, including retirees.

In reality, an inflation rate of 36.3% is high even by the standards of the past 35 years in Iran. According to the Central Bank’s own data, between 1990 and 2019, inflation exceeded this rate in only one year out of 30.

Furthermore, the Statistical Center of Iran, designated as the official source for inflation figures, reported an annual inflation rate of 32.5% in December. Thus, according to the Central Bank’s narrative, inflation is even higher than the official rate.

It should be noted that these are official statistics from the Iranian regime, which are significantly removed from the realities of Iran’s economy.

Official Inflation vs. Perceived Inflation

Each organization calculates inflation by selecting a set of goods and services representing the average consumption basket of all households—in the Central Bank’s case, urban households. Changes in the prices of these items are analyzed to determine the inflation rate. However, this basket often differs significantly from the consumption patterns of most households.

For example, about one-third of this basket comprises housing rent. If you are not a renter, the composition of this reference inflation basket does not align with your living expenses.

On the other hand, if you are a renter and spend more than half of your income on rent, and your rent has doubled compared to last year, the inflation rate you feel differs significantly from the reference rate.

Income levels also affect each household’s inflation rate. For instance, bread constitutes a significant portion of the expenses of low-income households. Therefore, when bread prices rise, it impacts their cost of living and perceived inflation rate more intensely than it does for higher-income households.

The selective, irregular, unofficial, and delayed release of economic statistics, coupled with the omission of details, has called into question the Central Bank’s position as a supposedly independent authority from the government.

For example, the inflation data was only published as a chart on the bank’s website, with no detailed figures for previous months. The Central Bank has generally stopped providing such details since early 2023.

Additionally, the release of “unfavorable” statistics is sometimes delayed to the point that they become outdated and lose their news value.

One example is household income and expenditure reports, which were typically released each summer until 2017.

However, after 2017, these reports were not released for several years. Then, a few months ago, reports for 2018 to 2022 were abruptly published together, but many details on household income, expenses, and provincial breakdowns were omitted.

In a ludicrous statement, Mohammadreza Farzin, the governor of the Central Bank, dismissed regional developments and the Iranian regime’s inability to stabilize rates or improve livelihoods, attributing the rising dollar value to a U.S.-registered website.

 

Quds Force Commander Calls For “Retribution” Against Trump for Qasem Soleimani’s Death

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Iraj Masjedi, deputy coordinator of the Quds Force of the Iranian regime’s Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps (IRGC), stated that Donald Trump, during his previous presidency, ordered the killing of Qasem Soleimani and must therefore face “retribution.”

On Wednesday, January 1, Masjedi said that Trump had officially announced his order to kill Soleimani, thereby performing the greatest service to “the terrorist movement.”

The Quds Force commander added, “We call on all governments and nations to loudly convey to the world that Soleimani was sacrificed by the hapless U.S. president.”

He described Soleimani as the “symbol and main agent in combating terrorists” and said that Trump must “face retribution and be prosecuted” for killing him.

Soleimani, commander of the IRGC’s Quds Force, was killed in a U.S. airstrike at Baghdad airport on January 3, 2020.

In late June 2024, Tehran Province Judiciary announced the issuance of indictments against 73 U.S. officials in connection with Soleimani’s killing.

Earlier, a Tehran court had ordered the U.S. government and 41 other individuals and entities to pay a total of $49.77 billion in this case.

Since Soleimani’s death, Iranian regime officials, including Supreme Leader Ali Khamenei, have repeatedly vowed “severe revenge” against those responsible for and involved in his killing.

In January 2022, Khamenei threatened Trump with “retribution,” reiterating a statement from December 16, 2020: “They must face revenge, and this revenge is certain whenever it becomes possible.”

In December 2020, Khamenei’s Twitter account posted a poster showing Trump on a golf course under the shadow of a drone, implicitly referencing an intent to assassinate him. This post was later removed from Khamenei’s account on X (formerly Twitter).

In January 2024, Hossein Salami, commander of the IRGC, stated that contrary to comments by the IRGC’s spokesperson, the Iranian regime had not yet taken revenge for the deaths of Soleimani and Abu Mahdi al-Muhandis, the regime’s key operative in Iraq who was also killed in the drone attack, adding that this action “will be carried out at the appropriate time.”

Despite these threats, Iranian regime officials have denied accusations of attempting to assassinate Trump in recent months.

 

Iran’s Gas Exports Surge Despite Unmet Domestic Demand

Statistics from Turkey’s Energy Market Regulatory Authority indicate that Iran’s gas exports to Turkey in September and October 2024 increased elevenfold compared to the same period last year.

This surge in gas exports to Turkey occurs as Iran faces a significant domestic gas shortage since the start of autumn, severely restricting fuel supply to industries, agriculture, and power plants.

Details from Turkey’s monthly energy statistics show that Iran delivered a total of 5.58 billion cubic meters of gas to Turkey in the first ten months of 2024, marking a 41% increase compared to the same period the previous year.

According to the latest statistics published on the organization’s website, Iran exported no gas to Turkey in September 2023, but over 510 million cubic meters in September 2024. In October 2024, Iran exported over 866 million cubic meters of gas to Turkey, seven times more than October 2023.

In total, between September 1 and October 31, 2024, Iran sold 1.38 billion cubic meters of gas to Turkey, more than 10.5 times the volume for the same period last year.

Iran also exports gas to Iraq, but neither country has released data on the volume delivered so far.

Iran also has a gas-for-electricity swap agreement with Armenia, wherein it receives 3 kilowatt-hours of electricity for each cubic meter of gas delivered.

Official statistics from Armenia’s customs indicate that Iran increased its gas deliveries to the country by 23% in the first half of 2024. During this period, Iran delivered over 226 million cubic meters of gas to Armenia, valued at $38 million.

Statistics from BP and the Gas Exporting Countries Forum (GECF) show that Iran exported approximately 14 billion cubic meters of gas in 2023. However, no estimates for Iran’s total gas exports in 2024 have been released yet.

The Iranian regime has set a target of exporting 16 billion cubic meters of gas in the draft budget for the upcoming Persian calendar year (starting in March).

The goal to increase gas exports comes despite the country’s significant gas imbalance. On Wednesday, January 1, Iran’s regime Oil Minister Mohsen Paknejad stated that under the Seventh Development Plan law, daily gas production needs to reach 1.38 billion cubic meters.

Achieving this production level was also targeted in the Sixth Development Plan but was not realized.

During peak winter consumption, Iran produces gas at its full capacity of 850 million cubic meters per day but still faces a deficit of 300 million cubic meters. On average, Iran’s daily gas production throughout the year is approximately 730 million cubic meters.

Paknejad stated that achieving the Seventh Development Plan’s goals requires $45 billion in investment, most of which must be allocated to developing gas fields and related infrastructure.

 

Financial Action Task Force (FATF): A New Wave of Disputes Among Iranian Regime Factions

The Iranian regime is witnessing a new wave of internal divisions as the issue of Financial Action Task Force (FATF) legislation resurfaces. These laws, which have been stalled in the legislative process for years, have sparked renewed debate among the country’s political factions, reflecting the complexity of the interplay between domestic politics and international pressures.

The Iranian regime’s Minister of Economic Affairs and Finance recently announced that Supreme Leader Ali Khamenei has approved the reconsideration of FATF-related bills by the Guardian Council. Masoud Pezeshkian, the regime’s president, confirmed this during a meeting with the Iranian Chamber of Commerce on December 31, 2024, emphasizing the need for collective action by all authorities to address the country’s economic challenges.

These developments come amid a severe economic crisis, including the collapse of the Iranian currency, exacerbated by international sanctions and geopolitical challenges. The discussions center on two key bills: the Palermo Convention and the Countering Financing of Terrorism (CFT) Act, aimed at aligning Iran’s financial regulations with FATF standards.

The FATF is an international body focused on combating money laundering and terrorist financing. It blacklists non-cooperative countries, and currently, Iran and North Korea remain the only nations on this list, further isolating Iran from the global financial system.

The issue of complying with FATF standards has long been contentious in Iran. Proponents argue that compliance would help ease sanctions, while opponents claim it would limit the regime’s ability to support allied groups such as Hezbollah.

Although the bills were approved by the Parliament in 2018, the Guardian Council, whose members are tightly controlled by Khamenei, rejected them, turning the matter into a recurring source of disputes. The issue has often been used as a tool to manipulate market sentiments during times of economic crisis.

Following Khamenei’s announcement approving a review of the bills, the Iranian stock market saw increased demand for bank shares, reflecting investor optimism about a potential economic breakthrough if FATF standards are met. However, skepticism remains, as previous endorsements by Khamenei, such as in December 2020, failed to produce tangible outcomes.

The opposition to these bills is led by hardline factions, who view them as a tool for “foreign infiltration.” Critics claim that adhering to FATF recommendations could hinder Iran’s ability to circumvent sanctions. Prominent voices such as Gholamreza Mesbahi Moghadam and Mohsen Rezaei have raised concerns about sovereignty and the regime’s strategic interests.

On the other hand, the worsening economic conditions and the failure of nuclear negotiations under former President Ebrahim Raisi’s administration have increased pressure to address the FATF issue. Although Raisi initially ignored the legislation, he later acknowledged its importance, calling compliance “inevitable” under the current circumstances.

While Khamenei has not explicitly opposed the bills, his influence on the Guardian Council’s decisions is evident. In October 2018, Khamenei stated he was not against reviewing the bills in Parliament, yet final approval remains elusive. The council, dominated by hardliners, continues to oppose the legislation, reflecting deep divisions within the regime.

The FATF reaffirmed in July 2023 that Iran remains on its blacklist, warning that the country would stay on the list unless deficiencies are addressed. These international pressures, coupled with domestic economic challenges, add further complexity to Iran’s political landscape.

The reopening of the FATF file highlights persistent disagreements within the Iranian political scene. With Khamenei’s tacit approval and mounting economic pressures, the Guardian Council is set to reconsider the Palermo Convention and CFT bills. However, hardline opposition remains strong, driven by ideological concerns and resistance to international oversight. As Iran navigates these internal and external challenges, the question of FATF compliance remains unresolved, carrying significant implications for its economic and geopolitical future.

Saeed Massouri: An Execution Every 2.5 Hours in Iran, a Bloody Christmas with Nearly 25 Executions

Saeed Massouri, a political prisoner serving a life sentence in Iran, currently in his 24th year of imprisonment at Ghezel Hesar Prison, has written a letter to the UN Secretary-General, the President of the European Parliament, and the Special Rapporteur on the Human Rights Situation in Iran, reporting a sharp rise in executions in the country, especially during the Christmas season.

In the letter, he noted: “In the past, executions happened with some time intervals, but now, on average, there is one execution every four hours. During the Christmas period alone, nearly 25 innocent people were executed, which equates to almost one execution every 2.5 hours.”

This political prisoner, a member of the “No to Executions Tuesdays” campaign, has called on the international community and human rights organizations to take swift action on this issue.

This full text of the letter follows:

This is the 25th Christmas that I am spending in prison. I do not know what more my eyes must see or what further burdens and heartaches this heart must endure. From the time I was sentenced to death and held in solitary confinement, considering every meeting to be my last and every “opening and closing” sound of the door as a death knell (even after 25 years, every such sound due to psychological conditioning still triggers the same feeling), to witnessing the executions of dear friends and comrades up close—I no longer know how much more I must see and endure. From the absence and taking away of cellmates (Hojjat Zamani, Majid Kavousi, Farzad Kamangar, Ali Saremi, Abdolreza Rajabi, Afshin Osanlou, Mansour Radpour, Shahrokh Zamani, Loqman and Zaniar Moradi, Ali Heydarian, and others…).

To dear and loving cellmates like Mohsen Dokmehchi, Jafar Kazemi, Mohammad Haj Aghaei, Gholamreza Khosravi, Hamed Ahmadi, Shahram Ahmadi, Ghasem Abesteh, Aso, Ayoob, Farhad Salimi, Anvar, Khosrow, Mohsen Shekari, and Mohammad Ghobadlou—to hearing the screams and wails of their families…

I truly do not know… I still cannot understand how, after seeing the childish drawing of Mahna, a 6-year-old girl, who drew herself and her mother next to her father’s gallows at the gates of Gohardasht Prison while waiting for her last meeting and kissing her father’s face (upon receiving his body), my heart has not yet stopped from these piercing and agonizing beats…!!?

Currently, we witness an execution every 4 hours on average. During this Christmas period alone, nearly 25 innocent people were executed, equating to almost one execution every 2.5 hours!

This letter is not addressed to my fellow compatriots this time (who are doing whatever is within their power) but to all awakened consciences in international human rights institutions, especially the UN Human Rights Council (High Commissioner), rapporteurs, particularly the Special Rapporteur Ms. Mai Sato, and all influential figures: UN Secretary-General Mr. António Guterres, European Commission President Ms. Ursula von der Leyen, and European Parliament President Ms. Roberta Metsola. I urgently ask them not just to express concern or condemn the executions but to take more serious measures to prevent these executions.

Do not perceive the number of executions merely as figures; these are human lives being lost daily.

The least that can be done in this regard is to bind this “execution government” to humane and human rights standards by conditioning diplomatic and political interactions on halting this killing machine in hopes that the massacres will cease.

If necessary, even referring this human rights violation case to the Security Council! Every hour and day of delay in this matter results in more and more executions and, of course, the shedding of blood from the bodies of the Iranian people.

Perhaps if effective actions had been taken earlier, even Italian journalist Ms. Cecilia Sala would not have fallen victim to hostage-taking policies (and during Christmas, no less!).